86 755 2523 4088

service@agccert.com

Domain name:agc-cert.com change to agccert.com;cn.agc-cert.com change to agccert.cn

Can we help you find something?

Testing

Common textile fiber identification methods Release Time:2021-12-06

Textile fiber is the fine substance with a diameter of several micrometers to several tens of micrometers, 


Textile fiber is the fine substance with a diameter of several micrometers to several tens of micrometers, and a length that is many times larger than the diameter, at least 1,000 times larger, and has a certain degree of flexibility and strength. Textile fibers can be divided into two categories: natural fibers and chemical fibers. The specific classifications are as follows:


image.png 

 

  

Common natural fibers include cotton, flax, ramie, silk, wool, etc.;

Common chemical fibers include polyester, nylon, spandex, acrylic, viscose and so on.

 

Importance of textile product fiber composition identification


From the above fiber classification, we clearly know that there are many types of textile fibers, and different fibers also have differences in cost. The difference between some fibers can even reach hundreds of times. Therefore, the raw materials of textile products are different, and there are also price differences when they are sold. The labeling of fiber composition and content can allow consumers to understand the raw material composition of the product most intuitively, fully protect the rights and interests of consumers, and prevent unscrupulous merchants from deceiving consumers with shoddy products. At the same time, consumers can clarify the performance, scope of application, and use of the product according to the type and content of fiber.


Textile fiber identification


At present, most countries and regions have issued regulations or standards that require that the textile products sold must indicate the fiber composition and content on their labels. For textile testing, fiber content testing is an important test item in textile testing, and it is also an important means to verify the correctness of product fiber component labels. In fiber content detection, it is first necessary to identify which type of fiber it is, and then the specific content of each fiber can be further analyzed. Below we introduce the identification of textile fibers


Textile fiber identification is based on the physical and chemical properties of the fiber, using different analysis methods to test, by comparing standard photos, standard pictures and standard data to identify unknown fibers

 

Textile fiber identification method standard

FZ/T 01057.1 General Instructions

FZ/T 01057.2 Combustion method

FZ/T 01057.3 Microscopy method

FZ/T 01057.4 dissolution method

FZ/T 01057.5 Color reaction method containing chlorine and nitrogen

FZ/T 01057.6 melting point method

FZ/T 01057.7 density gradient method

FZ/T 01057.8 infrared spectroscopy

FZ/T 01057.9 birefringence method

AATCC TM 20

ISO/TR 11827

Commonly used identification methods are combustion method, microscope method, and dissolution method


Combustion method: According to the state of the fiber when it is close to the flame, in contact with the flame, and when it leaves the flame, as well as the smell produced during combustion and the characteristics of the residue after combustion, the types of fibers are distinguished. The combustion characteristics of common fibers are shown in Table 1:

 

Table 1 Combustion characteristics of common fibers

 

Fiber   name

Burning state

Close to the flame

Contact flame

Leave the flame

odor

Residue characteristics

cotton

Does   not shrink or melt

Burning   quickly

Keep   burning,

Burnt   paper flavor

It   is thin and soft gray-black flocculent

numb

Does   not shrink or melt

Burning   quickly

Yellow   flame

Burnt   paper flavor

It   is thin and soft grayish white flocculent

silk

shrink

Curl,   melt, burn

Keep   burning,

Singeing

Loose   and crisp black particles

wool

shrink

Curl,   melt, burn

Yellow   flame

Singeing

Loose   and brittle black coke-like

Viscose   fiber

Does   not shrink or melt

Burning   quickly

Burns   slowly, sometimes goes out on its own

Burnt   paper flavor

It   is thin and soft gray-black flocculent

Polyester

Meltdown

Melt,   burn, melt first and then burn, with solution dripping

Burns   slowly, sometimes goes out on its own

Special   aromatic sweetness

Glassy   dark brown hard ball

Nylon

Meltdown

Melt,   burn, melt first and then burn, with solution dripping

Keep   burning,

Ammonia   smell

Glassy   dark brown round beads

Spandex

Meltdown

Melting,   burning

Yellow   flame

Peculiar   smell

White   gelatinous

Acrylic

Shrinkage

Micro   melting, burning, bright sparks

Can   prolong combustion and emit black smoke

Spicy

Black   irregular beads, fragile

 

Microscopic method: Observe the longitudinal shape and cross-sectional shape of the fiber with a microscope, or cooperate with dyeing, dissolving and other methods to distinguish natural fibers from chemical fibers.

Common fiber morphology characteristics

 

 

cotton:

image.png                        image.png

Longitudinal: flat ribbon with natural twist     Horizontal: round waist with middle cavity

 

 

Ramie Fiber

                                    image.png                             image.png 

Longitudinal: The fiber is thicker and has a long shape              Horizontal: round waist, with middle cavity stripes and bamboo-like horizontal joints

 

Flax fiber

image.png                                    image.png

Longitudinal: The fiber is thin, with bamboo-like horizontal nodes                     Lateral: polygonal, with cavity

 

  

Wool fiber

 

  image.png                                   image.png

Longitudinal: rough surface, scaly       Horizontal: round or approximately round    

 

Viscose fiber

image.png                                    image.png

Longitudinal: smooth, grooved           Horizontal: zigzag shape, with skin-core structure 

 

Polyester

image.png                            image.png

Longitudinal: smooth, with black spots               Horizontal: round

 

 

 

Nylon

image.png                    -image.png

Longitudinal: smooth, with black spots                  Horizontal: round

 

Chemical dissolution method: the use of different fibers in different solvents has different solubility, which is a more commonly used method and can also be quantitatively determined. It is suitable for various textile materials, including dyed fibers, yarns and fabrics with mixed components.

 

Common fiber dissolving performance table

 

Fiber   name

hydrochloric   acid

20%

24℃

hydrochloric   acid

37%

24℃

Sulfuric acid 75% 24℃

Sodium hydroxide 5%

boiled

Formic acid

85%

24℃

glacial acetic acid

24℃

M-cresol

24℃

Dimethyl formamide

24℃

Xylene

24℃

Polyester

I

I

I

I

I

I

S

93°C

I

I

Nylon

S

S

S

I

S

I

S

I

I

Acrylic

I

I

SS

I

I

I

I

S

93°C

I

Vinylon

S

S

S

I

S

I

S

I

I

Polypropylene

I

I

I

I

I

I

I

I

S

Spandex

I

I

P

I

I

P

I

S

93°C

I

 

In the table, S—dissolved; SS—slightly soluble; P—partially dissolved; I—not dissolved.

 

Summary of fiber identification:

In actual identification, it is difficult to identify some samples using a single method. It is necessary to use several methods comprehensively and analyze them systematically to accurately identify fibers. details as follows:


First of all, the unknown sample fiber can be slightly sorted. If it is not an elastic fiber, the fiber can be preliminarily divided into three categories: cellulose fiber, protein fiber and synthetic fiber by using the combustion test method;


Cellulosic fibers and protein fibers have their own different longitudinal and lateral morphological characteristics, which can be identified by microscopy; synthetic fibers generally use chemical dissolution methods according to the fiber dissolution performance table, that is, according to the dissolution characteristics of different chemical reagents at different temperatures. Identify. For polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride, and polyvinylidene chloride, chlorine detection method and melting point method can also be used for verification.



Recommended Reading

Consumer battery test

At present, all kinds of electronic products that are indisp...

Power battery Test

New energy vehicles is the car to use the power source which...

Electric Portable Bikes Test

Electric Portable Bikes and battery test standards

Energy storage battery Test

In recent years, energy storage and power battery technologi...

Hardness test

Hardness is the ability of a material to resist being presse...

Consult us

Does the article solve your problem

Please select the unresolved reason